Wait a minute! Can the "Standard" prepared now really become the Analytical Standard?
ICP analyzers can analyze multiple elements simultaneously in a single measurement. Therefore, they are useful for controlling trace elements in foods and drugs in addition to electronic materials and water quality. FUJIFILM Wako offers specifications of reagents for various measuring methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and ICP optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). In addition to single element standard solutions, multi-element mixture standard solutions suitable for various requirements are also available.
Furthermore, FUJIFILM Wako has a search system that allows you to easily search for these.
We believe that many researchers are preparing standard solutions by mixing elements to be measured with commercially available single element or multi-element mixture standard solutions.
Wait a minute! Can the "Standard" prepared now really become the Analytical Standard?
Different factors described below may cause element concentration to shift during preparation.
Contamination by water and acids used for dilution | : Use of a reagent without element guarantee |
Contamination caused by laboratory instruments | : Elution of a resin stabilizer contained in a container and elution of glass components |
Errors during experimental work | : Error in dilution calculation, mix-up of reagents, error in reagent injection volume |
Contamination caused by experimental environment | : Contamination risk in a clean draft |
Decreased concentration due to precipitation | : Precipitation due to acidity or alkalinity, compatibility of element ions with specific acids |
Interfering ions | : Isobaric ions, adduct ions, and polyatomic ion interference, etc. |
As shown above, there are many precautions when preparing standard solutions of multiple elements, and it is generally said that combinations in Table 1 are not compatible with regard to a decrease in element concentration due to precipitation. One of famous examples is precipitation observed when silver standard solutions are mixed with the other hydrochloric acid-based solutions.
Table 1. List of precipitation in solution by combination of ions
NH4+ | K+ | Ca2+ | Na+ | Mg2+ | Al3+ | Zn2+ | Fe2+ | Fe3+ | Ni2+ | Sn2+ | Pb2+ | Cu2+ | Hg2+ | Hg22+ | Ag+ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO3- | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
SO42- | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | (+) | ||||
Cl- | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | - | |
CO32- | + | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
S2- | Acidic | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Neutral to basic | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
OH- | + | + | (+) | + | (-) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - (Ag2O) |
+: No formation of a precipitate, -: Formation of a precipitate
- The above list is not applicable depending on the element concentration in a container.
Main element precipitation and color
Halides | CaF2(white), AgCl(white), PbCl2(white), AgBr(light yellow), AgI(yellow) |
Sulfate | CaSO4(white), SrSO4(white), BaSO4(white), PbSO4(white) |
Carbonate | CaCO3(white), MgCO3(white), BaCO3(white) |
Hydroxide | Al(OH)3(white), Fe(OH)2(light green), Fe(OH)3(red brown), Cu(OH)2(bluish white), Cr(OH)3(regrayish green), Ni(OH)2(green) |
Oxide | Al2O3(white), ZnO(white), MnO2(black), Ag2O(dark brown), FeO(black), Fe2O3(red brown), Fe3O4(black), CuO(black), Cu2O(red brown) |
Chromate | BaCrO4(yellow), PbCrO4(yellow), Ag2CrO4(red brown) |
Sulfide | CuS(black), Ag2O(black), PbS(black), ZnS(white), MnS(pink), SnS(brown), CdS(yellow) |
FUJIFILM Wako has many know-how on the liquidity of standard solutions as well as solid technology cultivated as a reference material producer (ISO 17034) and delivers highly reliable standard solutions in element concentration.
Reference: Comparison List of Compositions for 3 Specifications of Element Standard Solution
Element symbol |
for AAS analysis | JCSS | for ICP analysis | ||||||
Code No. | Product name | Composition | Code No. | Product name | Composition | Code No. | Product name | Composition | |
Ag | 191-18691 | Silver Standard Solution | AgNO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | 195-18591 | Silver Standard Solution | AgNO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Al | 016-15471 | Aluminium Standard Solution | Al(NO3)3 in 0.5 mol/L HNO3 | 016-27701 | Aluminium Standard Solution | Al(NO3)3・9H2O 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
As | 013-15481 | Arsenic Standard Solution | As2NO3 and NaOH in water pH5.0 with HCl | 013-27571 | Arsenic Standard Solution | As2O3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Au | 076-06741 | Gold Standard Solution | HAuO4 in 1 mol/L HCl | 074-06661 | Gold Standard Solution | HAuO4・4H2O in 5 w/w% HCl | |||
B | 025-16581 | Boron Standard Solution | H3BO3 in water | 024-19231 | Boron Standard Solution | H3BO3 in H2O | |||
Ba | 027-15321 | Barium Standard Solution | BaCO3 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 027-19221 | Barium Standard Solution | BaCO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Be | 024-19351 | Beryllium Standard Solution | BeSO4 in 0.03 mol/L HNO3 | 021-19241 | Beryllium Standard Solution | Be4(CH3COO)6O in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Bi | 021-12661 | Bismuth Standard Solution | Bi(NO3)3 in 0.5 mol/L HNO3 | 028-19251 | Bismuth Standard Solution | Bi(NO3)3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ca | 039-16161 | Calcium Standard Solution | CaCO3 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 035-25431 | Calcium Standard Solution | CaCO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Cd | 036-16171 | Cadmium Standard Solution | Cd(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 032-25321 | Cadmium Standard Solution | Cd in 0.5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ce | 039-11661 | Cerium Standard Solution | Ce(NO3)2 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Co | 033-16181 | Cobalt Standard Solution | Co(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 039-25331 | Cobalt Standard Solution | Co in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Cr | 030-16191 | Chromium Standard Solution | K2Cr2O7 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 039-25451 | Chromium Standard Solution | CrO3 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Cs | 030-21341 | Cesium Standard Solution | CsCl in water | 035-25311 | Cesium Standard Solution | CsNO3 in H2O | |||
Cu | 033-16201 | Copper Standard Solution | Cu(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 036-25341 | Copper Standard Solution | Cu in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Dy | 041-34501 | Dysprosium Standard Solution | Dy(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Er | 055-09271 | Erbium Standard Solution | Er(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Eu | 052-09281 | Europium Standard Solution | Eu(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Fe | 094-03841 | Iron Standard Solution | Cu(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 096-07321 | Iron Standard Solution | Fe in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ga | 070-05781 | Gallium Standard Solution | Ga in 0.5 mol/L HNO3 | 071-06671 | Gallium Standard Solution | Ga in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Gd | 072-06721 | Gadolinium Standard Solution | Gd(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | 070-06761 | Gadolinium Standard Solution | Gd2O3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ge | 079-06731 | Germanium Standard Solution | GeO2 in H2O | 078-06681 | Germanium Standard Solution | GeO2 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Hg | 138-13661 | Mercury Standard Solution | HgO2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 139-18831 | Mercury Standard Solution | Hg in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ho | 087-10501 | Holmium Standard Solution | Ho(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
In | 092-05841 | Indium Standard Solution | In in 0.5 mol/L HNO3 | 099-07311 | Indium Standard Solution | In in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
K | 165-17471 | Potassium Standard Solution | KCl in Water | 162-28351 | Potassium Standard Solution | KNO3 in H2O | |||
La | 129-06821 | Lanthanum Standard Solution | La(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Li | 129-05221 | Lithium Standard Solution | Li2CO3 in 0.2 mol/L HNO3 | 127-06741 | Lithium Standard Solution | LiNO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Lu | 126-06831 | Lutetium Standard Solution | Lu(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Mg | 136-12121 | Magnesium Standard Solution | Mg(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 136-18841 | Magnesium Standard Solution | MgO in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Mn | 133-12131 | Manganese Standard Solution | Mn(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 130-18861 | Manganese Standard Solution | Mn in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Mo | 130-14961 | Molybdenum Standard Solution | Mo in 0.4 mol/L HCl・0.2 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Na | 199-10831 | Sodium Standard Solution | NaCl in Water | 198-18581 | Sodium Standard Solution | NaNO3 in H2O | |||
Nb | 145-09821 | Niobium Standard Solution | Nb in 1 mol/L HF | ||||||
Nd | 148-09811 | Neodymium Standard Solution | Nd(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Ni | 147-06461 | Nickel Standard Solution | Ni(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 141-09781 | Nickel Standard Solution | NiO in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
P | 168-28331 | Phosphorus Standard Solution | H3PO4 in H2O | ||||||
Pb | 124-04291 | Lead Standard Solution | Pb(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 124-06751 | Lead Standard Solution | Pb(NO3)2 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Pd | 160-28531 | Palladium Standard Solution | PdCl2 in 1 mol/L HCl | 160-28411 | Palladium Standard Solution | Pd in 5 w/w% HNO3 etc | |||
Pt | 167-28541 | Platinum Standard Solution | H2PtCl6 in 1 mol/L HCl | 165-28341 | Platinum Standard Solution | H2O6Pt・6H2O in 5 w/w% HCl | |||
Pr | 164-28551 | Praseodymium Standard Solution | Pr(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Rb | 188-01951 | Rubidium Standard Solution | RbCl in Water | 188-03391 | Rubidium Standard Solution | RbNO3 in H2O | |||
Rh | 185-03421 | Rhodium Standard Solution | Rh(NO3)3 in 2 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
S | 198-18601 | Sulfur Standard Solution | H2SO4 in H2O | ||||||
Sb | 010-15491 | Antimony Standard Solution | SbC3in 3 mol/L HCl | 010-27581 | Antimony Standard Solution | Sb2O3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 etc. | |||
Sc | 191-18711 | Scandium Standard Solution | Sc(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Se | 192-13861 | Selenium Standard Solution | Se in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 196-18641 | Selenium Standard Solution | SeO2 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Si | 198-18721 | Silicon Standard Solution | Na2SiO3 in 0.2 mol/L Na2CO3 | 197-18671 | Silicon Standard Solution | SiO2 in 0.2 w/w% HF | |||
Sm | 194-18701 | Samarium Standard Solution | Sm(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Sn | 202-16311 | Tin Standard Solution | Sn in 3 mol/L HCl | 209-20731 | Tin Standard Solution | SnCl4 in 5 w/w% HCl | |||
Sr | 199-13871 | Strontium Standard Solution | SrCO3 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 199-18631 | Strontium Standard Solution | SrCO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ta | 204-20921 | Tantalum Standard Solution | Ta in 2% HNO3-0.5% HF | ||||||
Tb | 201-20931 | Terbium Standard Solution | Tb(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Te | 209-17921 | Tellurium Standard Solution | Te in 1 mol/L HCl | 207-20771 | Tellurium Standard Solution | H6TeO6 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Ti | 208-20941 | Titanium Standard Solution | Ti(SO4)2 in 1 mol/L H2SO4 | 200-21001 | Titanium Standard Solution | Ti in 16 w/w% HCl | |||
Tl | 205-16301 | Thallium Standard Solution | TlNO3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | 206-20741 | Thallium Standard Solution | TlNO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
V | 221-01851 | Vanadium Standard Solution | V in 0.2 mol/L HCl-0.5mol/l HNO3 | 223-02411 | Vanadium Standard Solution | NH4VO3 in 5 w/w% HNO3 etc. | |||
W | 205-20951 | Tungsten Standard Solution | Na2WO4 in H2O | ||||||
Y | 258-00661 | Yttrium Standard Solution | Y(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Yb | 251-00651 | Ytterbium Standard Solution | Yn(NO3)3 in 1 mol/L HNO3 | ||||||
Zn | 264-01421 | Zinc Standard Solution | Zn(NO3)2 in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 | 260-02241 | Zinc Standard Solution | ZnO in 5 w/w% HNO3 | |||
Zr | 264-02261 | Zirconium Standard Solution | ZrO(NO3)2 in 1 mol/L HNO3 |
●Liquid color coding
Acid | Red background |
Neutral | White background |
Alkali | Blue background |
Nitric acid: Black characters
Sulfuric acid: Blue characters
Hydrochloric acid: Green characters