Toxic components derived from marine organisms

Marine Toxins

Marine toxins are natural poisons possessed by fish and shellfish and cause food poisoning. Marine toxins are not only found in fish and shellfish, but also in microalgae or marine algae such as marine microorganisms and plankton, which are bio-concentrated by the food chain and cause poisoning in humans who eat them. In Japan, food poisoning, mainly caused by pufferfish poison (tetrodotoxin) or bivalve shellfish (oysters, scallops, etc.), occurs every year and those toxins are regulated and controlled by the Food Sanitation Act. Furthermore, global climatic changes have been accompanied by changes in the distribution of marine poisons, and the areas where food poisoning occurs are also changing. Therefore research on various marine toxins is in progress.
We provide a variety of reagents and kits related to marine toxins, including okadaic acid, paritoxin, and ciguatoxin.

* Toxins may not be available depending on the country. Please check with your distributor before purchasing.

Classifications and Toxic Components

Classification Component Mechanism of action
Fish Pufferfish poison Tetrodotoxin
  • Binds to Na+ channel and inhibits Na+ influx.
Ciguatera poison Ciguatoxin(CTX1BCTX3C)
  • Binds to Na+ channel and improves Na+ permeability.
Maitotoxin
  • Binds to Ca2+ channel and improves Ca2+ permeability.
Other fish poison Palytoxin
  • Binds to Na+ channel and improves Na+ permeability.
  • Specifically acts on Na+, K+ -ATPase.
Blue-green algae Cyanotoxin Microcystin(LR・RR)
  • Specifically inhibits protein phosphatase (PP).
Sponge Sponge poison Calyculin A
  • Specifically inhibits PP.
  • Acts on Ca+ channels and inhibits Ca+ influx.
Mycalolide B
  • Binds to G actin and inhibits actin polymerization.
  • Inhibits actomyosin ATPase.
Bivalve shellfish Diarrhetic shellfish poison Okadaic Acid(OA),
Dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1)
  • Specifically inhibits PP.
  • Shows tumor promoting activity.

Ciguatoxin CTX1B / CTX3C

Ciguatera food poisoning is the world's largest marine poisoning with over 50,000 people poisoning per year. It is a very strong neurotoxin, and the causative agent is ciguatoxins, which are produced by toxic dinoflagellates. There are numerous analogues of ciguatoxins (CTX). We provide the totally synthesized CTX 1B, CTX 3C, and CTX-ELISA 1B which is high sensitive ELISA kit to detect CTX 1B.

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           C57H82O16=1023.25
           CAS RN®: 148471-85-6

Maitotoxin

Maitotoxin (MTX) is produced by dinoflagellate (Gambierdiscus toxicus). It is named maitotoxin after the Tahitian name of Striated surgeonfish "maito", which is a cause of ciguatera poisoning. MTX is the largest natural organic compound, which known structural formula. Since MTX exhibits a specific intracellular uptake of extracellular Ca2+, it has attracted attention for the mechanism of signal transduction mediated by Ca2+.

01103_img07.png


C164H256Na2O68S2=3425.86
CAS RN®: 59392-53-9

Palytoxin

Palytoxin is a toxin isolated from Palythoa tuberculosa. Palytoxin is the most toxic after maitotoxin among non-peptide compounds. Mainly, it causes strong coronary artery contraction. In addition, it has been reported to cause hemolysis, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased Na+ permeability in the nerve membrane, histamine release, and Na+, K+ -ATPase inhibition at high concentrations.

01103_img03.png


C129H223N3O54=2680.14
CAS RN®:77734-91-9

Okadaic Acid

Okadaic acid is the causative agent of Diarrheic Shellfish Poison isolated from the chlorisokamene. Physiological activities have been reported, including non-TPA type-promoter activity, smooth muscle contraction in a calcium-depleting solution, and phosphorylation of proteins by specific inhibition of protein phosphatases.

01103_img01.png


C44H68O13=805.00
CAS RN®:78111-17-8

Product List

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Ciguatera poison

Palytoxin poison and related toxins

Shellfish poison

Other

For research use or further manufacturing use only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Product content may differ from the actual image due to minor specification changes etc.

If the revision of product standards and packaging standards has been made, there is a case where the actual product specifications and images are different.

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