Silica Gel Packing Agent (Unmodified)

1. Shape

In general, spherical silica gel is expected to improve resolution and reproducibility compared with crushed silica gel (reasonable price).
FUJIFILM Wako employs crushed silica gel for Wakogel^® series and spherical silica gel for Wakosil^® series.

2. Chemical Modification

Chemical modification is to bind various functional groups to silanol groups on the surface of silica gel to change silica gel functions. C18 modified silica gel (ODS) is an octadecyl group-bound silica gel and is suitable for reverse-phase chromatography. NH₂ modified silica gel is an aminopropyl group-bound silica gel and is suitable for normal-phase, hydrophilic interaction, and ion exchange chromatography. Unmodified silica gel is mainly used for normal-phase chromatography.

3. Particle Size

The larger the particle size, the more suitable for open columns, and the smaller the particle size, the more suitable for flash chromatography or HPLC.

4. Pore Size and Specific Surface Area

The smaller the pore size, the larger the specific surface area of silica gel and the higher resolution of small molecules. On the other hand, the larger the pore size, the higher the resolution of high molecules such as proteins. Suitable pore size must be selected so that sample molecules retain the silica gels well.

Flow Chart for Selection of Silica Gel

Particle Size Distribution Table

The smaller the particle size, the higher the resolution. However, the analysis time becomes longer due to slow flow rate. On the other hand, the larger the particle size, the flow speed becomes faster, and the behavior is suitable for open columns.

List of Physical Properties for each Silica Gel Grade

Silica gel for general purpose (unmodified)
Product Name	Shape	Size	Pore Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use	Features
Wakosil® 60 series
Wakosil® 60, 38～63 μm	Spherical	38～63 μm	6 nm	-	450～550 m2/g	6.2～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography	This series has a smaller pore size than Wakogel® C series. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale fractionation and purification owing to its high retention performance. Because of spherical silica gel, it is expected to improve resolution and reproducibility compared with crushed types. Product name: 60 = pore size Shape: Totally porous spherical silica gel with a pore size of 6 nm Use: Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakosil® 60, 64 µm～210 μm		64～210 μm		-			Open column
Wakogel® 60N series
Wakogel®60N, 38 ～100 µm	Crushed	38～100 µm	6 nm	0.85 mL/g	550 m2/g	6.5～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography	This series has a smaller pore size than Wakogel® C series. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale fractionation and purification owing to its high retention performance. Product name: 60 = pore size Shape: Crushed silica gel with a pore size of 6 nm Use : Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®60N, 63 ～212 µm		63～212 µm					Open column
Wakogel®60N, 150 ～425 µm		150～425 µm					Open column
Wakogel®C series
Wakogel®C-100	Crushed	150～425 µm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	5.5～7.0	Open column	This series is the most common silica gel of FUJIFILM Wako. Product name: The number after C- = mesh size which silica gel passes Shape: Totally porous spherical silica gel Use: Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C-200		75～150 µm				5.5～7.0	Open column
Wakogel®C-300		45～75 µm				5.5～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C series E (economy) type
Wakogel®C-200E	Crushed	75～150 µm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	5.5～7.5	Open column	This series has a reasonable price by partially changing the manufacturing process, even though it has the same specifications, including particle size, as Wakogel® C series. Product name: The number after C- = mesh size which silica gel passes Shape: Totally porous spherical silica gel Use: Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C-300E		45～75 µm					Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C series HG (high grade) type
Wakogel®C-300HG	Crushed	40～60 µm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	6.0～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography	This series is high-grade silica gel with a smaller particle size and a sharp particle size distribution compared with Wakogel® C series. Product name: The number after C- = mesh size which silica gel passes Shape: Totally porous spherical silica gel Use: Open column, medium and low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C-400HG		20～40 µm					Medium and low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel®C-500HG		5～20 µm				6.0～7.0	Medium and low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel® FC
Wakogel®FC-40	Crushed	20～40 µm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	-	Flash chromatography	Silica gel specialized for flash chromatography with a smaller particle size and a sharp particle size distribution. Product name: The number after FC- = particle size Shape: Crushed silica gel Use: Flash chromatography
Wakosil® HC-N
Wakosil®HC-N	Spherical	35～63 µm	3 nm	0.6 mL/g	780 m2/g	6.5～7.5	Open column, medium pressure, flash chromatography	This silica gel has larger specific surface area than that of Wakosil® C series. Because of its high retention performance, it has large sample load capacity and high resolution. Shape: Spherical silica gel Use: Open column, medium pressure, flash chromatography.

For analysis of dioxins
Product Name	Shape	Size	Pore Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use	Features
Wakogel® DX
Wakogel® DX	Crushed	75～150 μm	-	-	-	-	For analysis of dioxins	Silica gel which is guaranteed a low concentration of dioxins by testing ''Suitability for dioxins determination". Shape: Crushed silica gel Use: For analysis of dioxins

For analysis and separation/purification of petrochemical products
Product Name	Shape	Size	Pore Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use	Features
Wakogel® Q series
Wakogel®Q-12	Crushed	75～600 µm	-	-	-	4.0～6.0	For analysis and separation/purification of petrochemical products	Silica gel for analysis of petrochemical products specific to separation and purification of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins. Product name: The number after Q- = corresponding Davison's product grade Shape: Crushed silica gel Use: For analysis and separation/purification of petrochemical products
Wakogel®Q-22		max. 75 µm
Wakogel®Q-23		75～150 µm
Wakogel®Q-50		75～250 µm
Wakogel®Q-63		max. 45 µm

For analysis of PCB
Product Name	Shape	Size	Pore Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use	Features
Wakogel® S-1
Wakogel®S-1	Crushed	63～425 µm	-	-	-	4.5～6.5	For analysis of PCB	Silica gel specific to separate PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. Shape: Crushed silica gel Use: For analysis of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use
Wakosil® 60, 38 µm～63 μm	Spherical	38～63 μm	6 nm	450～550 m2/g	6.2～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakosil® 60, 64 µm～210 μm		64～210 μm				Open column

Wakogel^® 60N series is crushed silica gel with a pore size of 6 nm. This series has a smaller pore size than Wakogel^® C series. Therefore, it is suitable for large-scale fractionation and purification owing to its high retention performance. This series have 3 types of particle size, available from open column to low pressure and flash chromatography. In addition, Wakogel^® 60N, 63 µm～212 µm has a larger retention than equivalent products from other companies, with the chromatographic band also being sharp. (See the examples of use below)

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® 60N, 38 µm～100 μm	Crushed	38～100 μm	6 nm	0.85 mL/g	550 m2/g	6.5～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel® 60N, 63 µm～212 μm		63～212 μm					Open column
Wakogel® 60N, 150 µm～425 μm		150～425 μm

Examples of Use

Separation of azobenzene and p-methoxyazobenzene

Wakogel^® 60N: Larger retention and better separation than equivalent products from other company
Wakogel^® C-200: Suitable for preparative purification in a short time with rapid elution

• Fractionation Condition

  Column	φ15 mm x 300 mm (filled to a height of 150 mm: approx. 13 g)
  Eluent	Toluene/n-Hexane = 2/1 (v/v)
  Detection	UV 330 nm
  Sample	①Azobenzene 1 mg/mL　②p-Methoxyazobenzene 1 mg/mL
  Sample load	0.5 mL

• HPLC Condition

  Column	Wakopak® Wakosil® 5SIL-120 4.6 mm x 250 mm
  Eluent	Toluene/n-Hexane = 1/1 (v/v)
  Injection vol.	10 μL
  Flow rate	1.0 mL/min. at 40℃
  Detection	UV 330 nm

Procedure

1. Fractions were collected under fractionation conditions.
2. Each fraction was analyzed by HPLC, and the obtained peak values were traced to the elution volume under the fractionation conditions.

Wakogel^® C Series

Wakogel^® C series is totally porous crushed silica gel with a pore size of 7 nm and is the most common silica gel of FUJIFILM Wako’s products. This series have 3 types of particle size, available from open column to low pressure and flash chromatography.

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® C-100	Crushed	150～425 μm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	5.5～7.0	Open column
Wakogel® C-200		75～150 μm				5.5～7.0
Wakogel® C-300		45～75 μm				5.5～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography

Wakogel^® C Series E (economy) Type

Wakogel^® C series E type is silica gel that achieves a reasonable price by partially changing the manufacturing process, even though it has the same specifications, including particle size, as Wakogel^® C series.

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® C-200E	Crushed	75～150 µm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	5.5～7.5	Open column
Wakogel® C-300E		45～75 μm					Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography

Wakogel^® C Series HG (high grade) Type

Wakogel^® C series HG type is high-grade silica gel with a smaller particle size and a sharp particle size distribution compared with Wakogel^® C series. In addition, it has the fine powder removed as much as possible by an increased classification precision, and it can be used at a higher flow rate than similar particle sizes products.

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® C-300HG	Crushed	40～60 μm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	6.0～7.5	Open column, low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel® C-400HG		20～40 μm					Medium and low pressure, flash chromatography
Wakogel® C-500HG		5～20 μm				6.0～7.0	Medium and low pressure, flash chromatography

Separation and Purification of Saikosaponin Using Wakogel^®

HPLC chromatogram in each purification step

Wakogel^® FC series is silica gel specialized for flash chromatography with a smaller particle size and a sharp particle size distribution.

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	Intended Use
Wakogel® FC-40	Crushed	20～40 μm	7 nm	0.8 mL/g	450 m2/g	Flash chromatography

Wakosil^® HC-N has larger specific surface area than that of Wakosil^® C series. Because of its high retention performance, it has large sample load capacity and high resolution.

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	Pore　Size	Pore Capacity	Specific Area	Loss on drying	pH	Intended Use
Wakosil® HC-N	Spherical	35～63 μm	3 nm	0.6 mL/g	780 m2/g	max. 15%	6.5～7.5	Open column, medium pressure, flash chromatography

Wakogel^® Q Series for analysis of petrochemical products specific to separation and purification of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins. The number after Q- = corresponding Davison’s product grade.

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® Q-12	Crushed	75～600 μm	4.0～6.0	Silica gel increasing the adsorption capacity of aromatic hydrocarbons. Separation of aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemical and coal tar industries.
Wakogel® Q-22		75 μm or less		Separation of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins by type.
Wakogel® Q-23		75 ～150 μm		Analysis of liquid saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Wakogel® Q-50		75～250 μm		Analysis of liquid saturated hydrocarbons, olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons with the FIA (Flow Injection Analysis) method.
Wakogel® Q-63		45 μm or less		Equivalent product to Davison Grade 63.

Wakogel^® DX is guaranteed a low concentration of dioxins by testing ‘‘Suitability for dioxins determination”.
Wakogel^® S-1 specific to separate PCBs and organochlorine pesticides.

Physical Property Information

Product Name	Shape	Particle Size	pH	Intended Use
Wakogel® DX	Crushed	75～150 μm	-	For analysis of dioxins
Wakogel® S-1		63～ 425 μm	4.5～6.5	For analysis of PCBs