Plant Hormones
Plant hormones is a general term for chemical compounds that are produced by plants and exhibit physiological effects on plants in trace amounts. They exert a wide range of functions and regulate various biological reactions, including elongation, cell division, growth suppression, opening and closing of stomata, flower bud formation, germination, and rooting. Fujifilm Wako offers a line-up of many plant hormones and plant hormone peptides.
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Types and Action of Plant Hormones
Plant hormones include auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, and jasmonate (Table 1). In addition to the plant hormones shown below, it is known that peptides are used for control of information transfer and physiological activities; these are called plant peptide hormones or plant peptide signals.
Table 1
| Plant hormone | Representative substance | Physiological action |
|---|---|---|
| Auxin | Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) | Acceleration of stem and root elongation, tropism control, promotion of apical dominance, promotion of parthenocarpy, etc. |
| Cytokinin | Zeatin | Promotion of cell division and elongation, growth of lateral buds, aging prevention, stomatal opening, etc. |
| Gibberellin | Gibberellic acid (GA3) | Elongation promotion, dormancy break, germination promotion, flower bud formation, etc. |
| Abscisic acid | Abscisic acid | Dormancy promotion, germination suppression, stomatal closing, aging promotion, etc. |
| Ethylene | Ethylene | Inhibition (promotion) of elongation and flowering of plants, defoliation promotion, promotion of fruit maturation, protection against injury and pathogens, etc. |
| Brassinosteroid | Brassinolide | Elongation promotion, promotion of cell division, promotion of ethylene synthesis, anti-stress action, etc. |
| Jasmonate | Jasmonate | Chlorophyll degradation, aging promotion, tuber formation, promotion of abscission layer formation, injury response, etc. |
References
- “Biochemical dictionary 4th ed.” ed. by Oshima, T. et al., Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, Japan, (2007). (Japanese)
- Japanese Society of Photosynthesis Research: https://photosyn.jp/pwiki/index.php (Nov. 6th, 2020). (Japanese)
- Matsubayashi, Y.: KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU, 49(8), 529(2011).
The Expanding World of Peptide Hormones in Plants (Japanese)
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