Lithium Cation Endohedral Fullerene

00462_img01.jpgLithium endohedral fullerene is a novel nanomaterial displaying a very high ionic conductivity (unlike empty fullerene). From this conductivity, the material is likely to have wide applications dye-sensitized and organic solar cells.

FUJIFILM Wako markets products made by Idea International, which is the world's first company to succeed in mass production of Lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60).

Application1

A new solution to highly efficient solar cells

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Li+@C60 provides long lasting separation of electron charge. Li+@C60-sulphonated porphyrin supramolecular nanoclusters support increased photoelectricalchemical performance of photovoltaic cells. Photoelectrochemical solar cells composed of supramolecular nanoclusters of lithium encapsulated fullerene and zinc sulfonated meso-tetraphenylporphyrin exhibit significant performance enhancement as compared with the reference system containing only a single component.

References
  1. Ohkubo, Y. Kawashima and S. Fukuzumi, "Strong supramolecular binding of Li+@C60 with sulfonated meso-tetraphenylporphyrins and long-lived photoinduced charge separation", Chem. Commun., 48, 4314-6 (2012)
  2. Ohkubo, Y. Kawashima, H. Sakai, T. Hasobe and S. Fukuzumi, "Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of composite photovoltaic cells of Lii+@C60- sulphonated porphyrin supramolecular nanoclusters ", Chem. Commun., 49, 4474-6 (2013)

Application2

Li+ ion is encapsulated inside C60 (Fullerene).

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Li+@C60 reacts with various anions and forms salts (e.g. SbCl6- and PF6-), which are useful in switch and sensor applications. This property can be utilized for sensors and switches.

References
  1. Aoyagi, E. Nishibori, H. Sawa, K. Sugimoto, et al., "A layered ionic crystal of polar Li@C60 superatoms", Nature Chemistry, 2, 678-83 (2010).
  2. Aoyagi, Y. Sado, E. Nishibori, et al., "Rock-Salt-Type Crystal of Thermally Contracted C60 with Encapsulated Lithium Cation", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51, 3377-81 (2012).

Application3

Higher ion mobility in organic solvent

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Li+@C60- is produced in the reaction above, and is electrically neutral. Because Li+@C60·PF6- shows higher mobility inside organic solvents than n-Bu4N+·PF6-, which is widely used as electrolyte, many electro-chemical applications of Li+@C60 are envisaged. In fact, Li+@C60·-, a radical anion, is selectively produced when Li+@C60-·PF6- is reduced.

References
  1. Ueno, K. Kokubo, Y. Nakamura, K. Ohikubo, et al., "Ionic conductivity of [Li+@C60](PF6-) in organic solvents and its electrochemical reduction to Lii+@C60·-", Chem. Commun., 49, 7376-8 (2013).

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Author: A. Shin

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